In this blog, we will explore the fundamentals of Java, which will cover all of the important Java topics with examples. Before you start learning Java and doing practicals, you need to be familiar with the following subjects. This tutorial will help you master the fundamentals of Java programming.
Introduction: Java is an object-oriented, secure high-level programming language. Sun Microsystems invented it in 1991. During that period, it was known as OAK. Sun Microsystems rebranded Java in 1995. Oracle Corporation bought Sun Microsystems in 2009.
It is still one of the most widely used programming languages. It’s designed for the scattered nature of the Internet. Java is freely available to users, and it can be run on any platform. Java is platform-agnostic and adheres to the Write Once, Run Anywhere or WORA philosophy.
Editions: There are three editions of Java. The editions of Java are as follows:
- Java Standard Editions (SE): It is used to create programs for a desktop computer.
- Java Enterprise Edition (EE): It is used to write large server-side programs and to handle high traffic and complex transactions.
- Java Micro Edition (ME): This edition is used to develop applications for small devices such as phones, set-top boxes, appliances, etc.
Applications: The following are some applications in which Java is used:
- Cloud computing
- Desktop applications
- Mobile applications (Android)
- Web applications
- Scientific applications
- Cryptography
- Enterprise applications
- Computer games
- Operating Systems
- Embedded systems
- Web servers and application servers
Environment:
- Java Virtual Machine (JVM): Java Virtual Machine is a machine that is abstract. Java Virtual Machine provides a runtime environment to execue Java bytecode.
- Java Runtime Environment: A Java runtime environment (JRE) is a collection of tools for developing and running Java applications. A Java Runtime Environment is a part of the Java Development Kit. Java class libraries, Java virtual machine (JVM), and the Java class loader make up a Java Runtime Environment.
- Java Development Kit: The Java Development Kit is a Java Technology distribution tool. It provides the Standard Edition of the Java Application Programming Interface and implements the Java Language Specification and Java Virtual Machine Specification.
Keywords: A Java keyword is one of 50 reserved phrases in the Java programming language that have a specific function and definition. Because the terms are reserved, they can’t be used to identify any other program elements, such as classes, subclasses, variables, methods, or objects. For a list of Java keywords, see here.
Data Types: The following are the two primary categories of Java data types.
- Primitive Data Types: In Java, there are eight primitives: int, byte, short, long, float, double, boolean, and char. These are not objects and represent raw values. They’re stacked on top of one other (check out this article for more information about memory management in Java).
- Non Primitive Data Types: Java does not specify non-primitive types, which are constructed by the programmer (except for String ). These data types can be used to call methods that perform specific actions, but primitive types can’t. Non-primitive types sometimes can be null, whereas primitive types every time get a value.
Operators: In Java, an operator is a set of symbols that performs operations on one, two, or three operands and then returns a result. The most common usage of Java operators is to alter primitive data types.
- Assignment Operators
- Unary Operators
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Shift Operators
- instanceOf operator
- Logical Operators
- Ternary Operators
Method: A Java method is a set of statements that are used to complete a task. When you use the System. out. println() method to display a message on the console, for example, the system really runs many statements. Data can be manipulated in methods and also can be executed actions on them.
Comments: Comments in Java are the statements that are not executed by the compiler and interpreter. It can be used to explain the method, variable, class, or any statement. It can also be used to hide program code for a specific time. The following are the different categories of comments.
- Single-line comments: Single-line comments began with two forward slashes ( // ). Java ignores any text between / and the end of the line (will not be executed).
- Multi-line comments: Multi-line comments began with /* and ends with */ . . Java will ignore any text between /* and */.
Object: A Java object is a member of a Java class (also known as an instance). There is an identity, a behavior, and a state for each item. Methods (functions) exhibit the object’s action and fields (variables) store an object’s state. Templates or classes are used to create objects at runtime.
Modifiers: Access modifiers in Java allow users to limit access to entities or data that they create. In Java, the following access specifiers are available:
- Public: Data is accessible to all classes and interfaces within the same or distinct packages, and there are no access limitations.
- Private: The private specifier limits entity access to the class in which it is declared.
- Protected: The protected keyword restricts access to class members to classes in the same package or subclasses of separate packages.
- Default: If no other access modifier is supplied, Java uses the default access modifier. Only the same package is accessible with this access specifier
Java is a well-known and commonly used programming language. For the past two years, Java has occupied the top spot in the TIOBE ranking. Java is utilized in sectors such as Big Data, networking, Data Science, and so on, in addition to application development. The fundamentals listed above are the foundations of Java. Consider it a Java tutorial. Learn it and practice it until you master it. If you don’t want to learn Java from the above resources, you can do it by watching videos on YouTube. You can use Learn Tube by Career Ninja to enhance your YouTube learning. If you type up “Java basics” on Youtube, you’ll get a bunch of videos. A beginner will be confused because he or she will not know which video to select. Learn tube helps in the organization of YouTube search videos into a course style. So you don’t have to click on each and every video. It also provides online specialists who can assist you with your questions.
